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Hypothermia is accurately defined as a medical emergency in which the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in critically low body temperatures. This condition typically occurs when a person is exposed to cold environments, particularly when wet, as moisture can significantly expedite heat loss. When body temperature falls below the normal range, it can hinder essential physiological functions and may lead to severe complications, including confusion, loss of consciousness, and even death if not addressed promptly.

The other options describe conditions that either relate to overheating from the sun, dehydration due to immersion, or high blood pressure, all of which are distinct from hypothermia and do not involve the body's ability to maintain heat under cold conditions. Understanding hypothermia is crucial for safety in marine environments, where temperatures can drop swiftly, and awareness of this condition can be lifesaving.